Epidemiologic Reviews 24:269-279 (2002)
© 2002 by the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
Blood Transfusions and Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma
1 University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA. 2 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA. 3 Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.
Received for publication December 11, 2001; accepted for publication September 13, 2002.
Abbreviations: AIDS, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; SEER, Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results; Th-1, T-cell helper-1; Th-2, T-cell helper-2.
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| INTRODUCTION |
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Background
Non-Hodgkins lymphoma is the fifth most frequently diagnosed cancer in the United States, with 53,900 new cases expected in 2002 (1). The incidence of non-Hodgkins lymphoma in the United States and western Europe has risen by at least 100 percent over the past five decades, with annual increases in incidence averaging 34 percent since the 1970s (2, 3). According to the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) cancer registry, the age-adjusted annual incidence rate from 1990 to 1997 in the United States was 15.5 per 100,000 population (4). This increase has involved all adult age groups, both sexes, and most geographic areas (2, 3, 5). Overall, incidence rates increase with age, are higher in men than in women, and are higher in Caucasians than in persons of other races/ethnicities (6). However, while incidence rates among Caucasians increased
Blood transfusion as a risk factor
| OVERVIEW OF ANALYTICAL STUDIES |
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Cohort studies
Case-control studies
Summary of non-Hodgkins lymphoma subtype analysis
| DISCUSSION |
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Study design and potential biases
Exposure assessment
Evaluation of confounders
Assessment of non-Hodgkins lymphoma subtype
| PUBLIC HEALTH IMPLICATIONS |
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| ACKNOWLEDGMENTS |
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