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Epidemiologic Reviews 24:91-101 (2002)
© 2002 by the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health

Epidemiologic Measures of the Course and Outcome of Pregnancy

David A. Savitz1, Irva Hertz-Picciotto1,2, Charles Poole1 and Andrew F. Olshan1

1 Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina School of Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC. 2 Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA.

Received for publication June 17, 2002; accepted for publication November 21, 2002.

The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below.


   INTRODUCTION
 
Successful reproduction, the spectrum of events leading from conception to birth of a healthy infant, is both biologically and epidemiologically complex. Problems that arise during the course of the reproductive process define the adverse outcomes in epidemiologic studies of pregnancy. A simplified time line for the process leading from conception to birth is shown in figure 006F1, along with an indication of approximately when critical events occur. With the focus first on the desired or "normal" outcomes, conception results from a viable sperm’s reaching the ovum and progressing to implantation. Normal development over the first weeks of life depends on differentiation and migration of cells, events that must follow precise timing, leading to formation of organ systems and subsequent fetal growth and development. Reproductive epidemiology encompasses the entire scope of these events, often extending backward to the determinants of conception (e.g., semen quality, menstrual cycles) and forward to postnatal . . . [Full Text of this Article]


   INFERTILITY
 

   PREGNANCY LOSS
 

   BIRTH DEFECTS
 

   PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS
 

   FETAL GROWTH
 

   PRETERM BIRTH
 

   DISCUSSION
 

   ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
 

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