Epidemiol Rev 2003;25:24-42
Copyright © 2003 by the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES |
Injury Surveillance
1 Division of Applied Public Health Training, Epidemiology Program Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.
2 Injury Prevention Service, Oklahoma State Department of Health, Oklahoma City, OK.
Received for publication July 24, 2002; accepted for publication April 23, 2003.
Abbreviations: CDC, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; EMS, emergency medical services; ICD, International Classification of Diseases; NEISS, National Electronic Injury Surveillance System; NHTSA, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.
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INTRODUCTION |
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Public health surveillance is the ongoing, systematic collection, analysis, interpretation, and dissemination of data on health-related events for use in public health action to reduce morbidity and mortality and to improve health (1). More simply put, surveillance is about translating information into action. In the United States, much of the focus of public health surveillance has traditionally been on prevention and control of infectious diseases, an area where surveillance has been used to identify outbreaks, monitor emerging problems, and assess the impact of prevention measures (2–5). Another essential role of public health surveillance is monitoring causes of death, including premature mortality. In that context, injuries clearly emerge as a major public health problem. In 1999, unintentional injuries were the fifth leading cause of death in the United States and were the leading cause for persons in the age group 1–34 years (6).
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DATA SOURCES AND SURVEILLANCE SYSTEMS |
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Mortality data
Vital records. Medical examiner and coroner records. Morbidity data
Hospital inpatient records. Trauma registries. Outpatient care records and reports. Emergency medical services records. Post-acute-care data. Risk factor data
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CODES AND STANDARDS FOR INJURY SURVEILLANCE |
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SURVEILLANCE OF MAJOR CATEGORIES OF INJURIES |
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Transportation injuries
Residential injuries
Burn and fire-related injuries. Fall injuries. Occupational injuries
Injuries related to violence and firearms
Suicide and suicidal behavior. Homicide. National Violent Death Reporting System. Surveillance of nonfatal violence. Surveillance of firearm-related injury. Other major categories
Poisoning. Disaster events. Patient safety. Traumatic central nervous system injuries.
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IMPROVING INJURY SURVEILLANCE—LINKAGE, INTEGRATION, EVALUATION |
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Data linkage
Integration of surveillance systems
Evaluation
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INTERNATIONAL INJURY SURVEILLANCE |
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Injury surveillance in some developed countries
Injury surveillance in developing and underdeveloped countries
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CONCLUSIONS |
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS |
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Correspondence to Dr. John M. Horan, Mailstop D-18, Division of Applied Public Health Training, Epidemiology Program Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333 (e-mail: jhoran@cdc.gov).
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