Epidemiol Rev 2003;25:51-59
Copyright © 2003 by the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES |
Evaluation of Interventions Designed to Prevent and Control Injuries
From the National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.
Received for publication August 20, 2002; accepted for publication March 21, 2003.
Abbreviation: IRB, institutional review board.
| The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below. |
Violent and unintentional injuries place a severe physical, emotional, and financial burden on US communities. Injuries affect people of all ages, from infants through older adults, and are the leading cause of death in the first four decades of life (1). In 1995, the economic cost of injuries was estimated to be over $260 billion, including the costs of health care and lost productivity (2).
Despite the large burden on US communities, injury prevention is still a relatively new area of public health. In 1992, Congress mandated the establishment of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s National Center for Injury Prevention and Control to coordinate research and programmatic responses to the problem of injuries in this country (3). In partnership with other federal, state, and local organizations and universities, the Center has encouraged the use of a population-based or public health approach to
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EVALUATION DEFINITIONS AND TYPES |
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TYPES OF EVALUATION |
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ISSUES IN EVALUATION |
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Before the intervention begins
Engage stakeholders
Specify the intervention
Design the evaluation
Control and comparison groups
Choice of measurements
Number of assessments
Ethical considerations
Unintended outcomes
Disseminate evaluation findings
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CHALLENGES IN EVALUATION OF INTERVENTIONS FOR PREVENTING INJURIES |
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Resources
Interventions with multiple outcomes
Secular trends
Implementing interventions without evidence of effectiveness
Randomized controlled trials as the "gold standard"
Conclusion
Reprint requests to Dr. Lynda Doll, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, K-02, Atlanta, GA 30341 (e-mail: lsd1@cdc.gov).
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