Epidemiologic Reviews Copyright © 2005 by the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health All rights reserved
ARTICLES |
The Role of the Media and Media Hypes in the Aftermath of Disasters
1 Faculty of Humanities, Department of Media Studies, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
2 Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research (NIVEL), Utrecht, The Netherlands
Correspondence to Dr. C. J. Yzermans, NIVEL, P.O. Box 1568, 3500 BN Utrecht, The Netherlands (e-mail: J.Yzermans@nivel.nl).
Received for publication July 29, 2004; accepted for publication November 9, 2004.
MPI, mass psychogenic illness
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INTRODUCTION |
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It is hardly a surprise that disasters occur more often now than in the past: the world is getting more crowded, air traffic is busier, terrorists are operating worldwide, and the world is much more dependent on complex, but vulnerable technological systems. In the database of the Center for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters, an increase was found in the number of disasters worldwide. During the decade 1970–1979, 1,230 disasters were registered; in the 1980s, this figure was 2,856; and, in the 1990s, 4,790 disasters were listed. For the years 2000–2003, more than 3,000 disasters were reported (1
). Disasters can be defined as acute, collectively experienced traumatic events with a sudden onset, and they can be both natural (e.g., hurricanes, floods, earthquakes) and man-made (e.g., plane crashes, industrial accidents, terrorist attacks) (2).
A growing body of literature suggests that disasters can have both short-term and long-term health
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MEDIA AND HEALTH AFTER DISASTERS: A LITERATURE SEARCH |
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The 1995 Oklahoma City bombing
The September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks
The 1999 Texas A&M University bonfire tragedy
MPI
Media coverage: positive and negative contributions
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MEDIA HYPES AND RISK AMPLIFICATION |
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Social amplification of risk framework
Framing
Media hype
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THE BIJLMERMEER PLANE CRASH: IMPACT OF MEDIA HYPES ON HEALTH PERCEPTION |
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CONCLUSIONS |
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