Epidemiologic Reviews Copyright © 2005 by the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health All rights reserved
ARTICLES |
The Epidemiology of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder after Disasters
1 Center for Urban Epidemiologic Studies, New York Academy of Medicine, New York, NY
2 Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
3 Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
Correspondence to Dr. Sandro Galea, Center for Urban Epidemiologic Studies, New York Academy of Medicine, 1216 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10029 (e-mail: sgalea@nyam.org).
Received for publication June 22, 2004; accepted for publication December 17, 2004.
DSM, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders • PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder
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INTRODUCTION |
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Traumatic experiences are relatively common. More than two thirds of persons in the general population may experience a significant traumatic event at some point in their lives, and up to one fifth of people in the United States may experience such an event in any given year (1
–5). Although comparable international data are limited, large proportions of populations in many countries have been exposed to terrorism, forced relocation, and violence, which suggests that the overall prevalence of exposure to traumatic events worldwide may be even higher than that in the United States (6, 7).
Disasters (e.g., floods, transportation accidents) are traumatic events that are experienced by many people and may result in a wide range of mental and physical health consequences (8). In one survey of US residents, 13 percent of the sample reported a lifetime exposure to natural or human-generated disaster (9). In
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REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE |
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METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES |
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Complex assessment of exposure
Comparability of different PTSD assessment methods
PTSD prevalence and incidence
Cross-disaster comparability of PTSD correlates and course
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FINDINGS |
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Studies of human-made or technological disasters
Prevalence and incidence. Correlates of PTSD. Course of PTSD. Studies of natural disasters
Prevalence of PTSD. Correlates of PTSD. Course of PTSD.
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DISCUSSION |
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Limitations
Summary and future research
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