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Epidemiol Rev 2004;26:2-6
© 2004 by the Oxford University Press

Introduction: Seeing the Forest and the Trees—From Observation to Experiments in Social Epidemiology

Lisa F. Berkman

From the Department of Society, Human Development, and Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA.

Correspondence to Dr. Lisa F. Berkman, Department of Society, Human Development, and Health, Kresge 709, Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 (e-mail: lberkman@hsph.harvard.edu).

Received for publication April 1, 2004; accepted for publication April 12, 2004.

The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below.

Social epidemiology, disguised in other forms and known by other names, has been with us for decades, if not centuries. During periods of rapid urbanization and industrialization in the 19th century, work by Villerme (1), Virchow (2), and Engels (3) identified the health consequences of the political economy. Durkheim (4) revealed the social patterning of suicide. For years, demographers described the social forces that shaped mortality, fertility, and population profiles. As we moved through the early and mid-20th century, a host of classically trained epidemiologists such as Frost (5), Goldberger et al. (6), and Winslow (7) and social scientists such as Sydenstricker (8), Faris and Dunham (9), and Parks (10) produced complex, nuanced understandings of how social and economic forces shape patterns of health and disease. Beginning in the 1930s, . . . [Full Text of this Article]


   GETTING THE COUNTERFACTUAL RIGHT
 

   EXPERIMENTS: THE ACHILLES’ HEEL OF SOCIAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
 
The randomized clinical trial: the queen or the pawn?

Unintended consequences: the health effects of social and economic policies and experiments


   ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
 

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