Epidemiologic Reviews Copyright © 2005 by the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health All rights reserved
ARTICLES |
Epidemiology of Traumatic Injuries from Earthquakes
1 Division of Research on Children, Youth and Families, Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
2 Community, Health Outcomes, and Intervention Research Program, Saban Research Center, Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
3 Southern California Injury Prevention Research Center, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
4 Injury Prevention Research Center, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
Reprint requests to Dr. Marizen Ramirez, 4650 Sunset Boulevard, MS#30, Los Angeles, CA 90027 (e-mail: marizenramirez@chla.usc.edu).
Received for publication August 2, 2004; accepted for publication January 18, 2005.
MMI, Modified Mercalli Intensity
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INTRODUCTION |
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More than 500,000 earthquakes are documented each year. Although the vast majority are too small or too remotely located to be felt by humans, approximately 3,000 are perceptible by human populations, of which seven to 11 result in significant loss of life (1
, 2). Over the last 30 years, a yearly average of 21 earthquakes were reported, disasters defined as events resulting in more than 10 deaths, more than 100 people affected, a request for international assistance, or a declaration of a state of emergency (3). This average has increased to more than 30 in the last 5 years. In addition to loss of life, earthquakes cause considerably more nonfatal traumatic injuries and long-term damage to transportation, communication, and financial infrastructures; yet, only recently has there been a recognized need to routinely collect data on these less severe effects.
In the past 25 years, over 530,000 deaths
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EARTHQUAKES AND THE CLASSIC EPIDEMIOLOGIC MODEL |
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Host characteristics
Agent characteristics
Environmental characteristics
The built environment. Transportation infrastructures. Interactions between the host, agent, and environment.
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EARTHQUAKE RESEARCH METHODS |
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Capturing the population at risk
Case definition and ascertainment
Study designs
Analytic approaches
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PREVENTION MEASURES |
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Disaster preparedness, mitigation, response, and recovery
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CONCLUSION |
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