Epidemiologic Reviews Copyright © 2005 by the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health All rights reserved
ARTICLES |
The Chernobyl Disaster: Cancer following the Accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant
1 National Cancer Institute, Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD
2 Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
Correspondence to Dr. Maureen Hatch, Chernobyl Research Unit, Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 6120 Executive Boulevard, Rockville, MD 20852 (e-mail: hatchm@mail.nih.gov).
Received for publication March 20, 2005; accepted for publication March 30, 2005.
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THE ACCIDENT |
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The Chernobyl nuclear power plant, located in Ukraine about 130 km north of the capital of Kiev and about 10 km south of the border with Belarus, was the scene of the most severe accident that has ever occurred in the nuclear industry. On April 26, 1986, two violent explosions destroyed the core of unit 4 of the power plant and the roof of the building, resulting in a series of fires and in massive releases of radioactive materials into the atmosphere. The releases consisted of gases, aerosols, and finely fragmented nuclear fuel particles. From the radiologic point of view, iodine-131 (131I) and cesium-137 (137Cs) are the most important radionuclides to consider (1
, 2). During the 10 days of massive releases, the wind direction changed frequently, so that all areas surrounding the reactor received some fallout at one time or another. In addition, rainfall occurred in |
EMERGENCY WORKERS |
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Dosimetry
Short-term health effects
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CLEANUP WORKERS |
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Dosimetry
External doses from gamma radiation. Internal doses. Cancer
Leukemia
Thyroid cancer
Other cancers
Summary
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RESIDENTS OF CONTAMINATED AREAS |
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Dosimetry
Thyroid doses. Bone marrow doses. Thyroid cancer
Thyroid cancer among those exposed in childhood. Thyroid cancer among those exposed as adults. Modifying factors. Clinical and molecular features. Summary. Leukemia
Leukemia among those exposed in utero. Leukemia among those exposed in childhood. Leukemia among those exposed as adults. Summary. Other cancers
Other outcomes
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CONCLUSION |
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